MARTIN LUTHER |
Martin
Luther was born on 10th November 1483 in Eisleben from a
family of farmers and small owners who gave him a rigid and
superstitious education typically medieval.
Luther grew believing in the existance of the devil and of sin. In 1501 he started to attend university in Erfurt to study law. On 2nd November 1505 ,according to some sources he was cought by a storm on the road and after the death of a friend, he decided to become a monk. He entered the augustinian order demonstrating signs of a very acute and dramatic religiosity. In 1507 he became priest and began his theology studies; afterwards he moved to Wittenberg. In 1510 he went to Rome, from where he came back scandalized for the great corruption of Papacy. After seven years ,while he was meditating over a passage of the letter to Romans in his room, he had an illumination which changed his way to intend christianity. This experience was called Turmerlebnis(experience of the tower) because his room was on the tower of Erfurt castle. From this time onward Luther considered good deeds useless, for Justification and forgiveness. Only through faith man could obtain God’s grace. With the Turmerlebnis Luther felt free from the previous anguish and made differences between vendicative and saving Justice. In the same year, according to tradition, he posted on the church door at Wittenberg castle 95 theses in which he discussed Indulgences and other Pillars of the christian faith. In 1521 he took part in the Diet of Worms in which Luther and his followers were outlowed and all antipapal documents were burnt. He was forced to take refuge in the castle of Wittenberg near Eisenach where he translated the New Testament into German. In 1524 some revolts broke out ,in particular on behalf of knights anabaptists and farmers. Farmers agreed with lutheran theses but Luther took side of nobility because he believed that the only important freedom was the inner one and because the New Testament excluded every violence or ribellion. In that way he ensured the noble’s protection for his reform. In 1525 Luther married in private the ex-nun Katharina von Bora and later they had six children. In 1527 Luther fell sick and died on 18th February 1546 in Eisleben. |